How ADHD Is Diagnosed
Your doctor will inquire about your symptoms as well as any history of ADHD. He will also review your family history.
People are often diagnosed with ADHD in later life. A major event such as the birth of a child or a relationship problems can prompt awareness of the problem. The first step to manage ADHD symptoms and improving functioning is to receive a diagnosis.
Characteristics
While many children have trouble sitting still, waiting their turn and paying attention in school or in other settings, those who meet the diagnostic criteria for ADHD have these issues to the extent that impairs functioning at home, in school or at work. The signs of hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity should be present for at least 6 months and be significantly more than what is typical for the child's age or development level. In addition, they must be causing significant suffering and difficulties at school, home, work, and in relationships.
The diagnosis of ADHD requires a thorough clinical evaluation by a trained health care professional. This may include a physical exam, and a look at other conditions that can cause similar symptoms, like thyroid or depression. The health professional will also review the family history of the patient and review medical, psychiatric, and academic records. He will also inquire with the patient about their symptoms. For diagnosis for adhd are generally specific to their age and parents are sometimes interviewed as well.
The physician will follow American Psychiatric Association clinical guidelines to diagnose ADHD in adults and in children. These guidelines are laid out in DSM-5 which is the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The provider will examine the patient's past and current behavior and how it affects their professional, social and family life. If it is possible, he or will look at the person's past behavior as well as school experiences as well.
When conducting an assessment on adults, the doctor will take into account whether or not they suffer from a co-occurring mental health issue and ask whether the person has a family history of ADHD. People with family members with the disorder are more prone to develop it themselves.
If a health care provider suspects someone has ADHD the doctor will conduct a full clinical evaluation. This includes reviewing the person's current symptoms and asking them to keep a daily journal of their symptoms over a time of a few weeks. They can also ask the person about any other medical conditions they may have, and then use the DSM-5 symptoms guide to determine if the patient meets any of the ADHD criteria.
Diagnosis
Many health care professionals who are interested in ADHD or have a specialization in mental illness are able to screen and diagnose the disorder. This includes clinical psychologists nurses, nurse practitioners, physician assistants psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses and psychiatrists. Family physicians may also diagnose ADHD in children and adolescents, and may refer adults to specialists for a comprehensive evaluation.
The first step in diagnosing ADHD is an exhaustive medical exam that includes an evaluation of vision and hearing. A specialist might suggest a brain scan known as an EEG-Based Assessment Aid or NEBA, to measure the amount of theta and beta waves in the brain. This type of brain scan is a safe, noninvasive method to screen people for ADHD.
In an interview with the individual the examiner will review the individual's medical and psychiatric background dating back to childhood, as well as the present symptoms and coping strategies. The doctor checks to see if the person meets the diagnostic criteria for either inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive or combined ADHD presentations as defined by the American Psychiatric Association in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5).
The doctor may ask teachers and other staff members who spend a great deal of time with children to fill out checklists or questionnaires. The doctor may also ask parents fill out these forms. Adults often talk to their spouses, coworkers, and other close friends. They might also want to interview someone who has been with the person since childhood.
During the diagnostic process, the mental health professional looks for signs that indicate whether the person is experiencing predominantly inattentive or primarily hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. The doctor will determine the length of time that symptoms have been present and whether they are causing impairment at home, in school, at work or in any other part of life.
The mental health professional should also screen for other disorders which share symptoms with ADHD like anxiety, depression or bipolar disorder. The professional should also search for physical causes, for example, thyroid problems or sleep disorders. In addition an extensive screening will also look at the person's social, emotional and family history.
Treatment
Children suffering from ADHD need to learn how to manage their symptoms. Families can assist by encouraging the school staff to observe their child closely, giving positive feedback, and showing flexible and patience. They can also instruct methods of relaxation and calming like yoga or meditation. Many children with ADHD benefit from regular physical activity and a healthy diet which will enhance their ability to concentrate and focus. They should avoid sugary foods and drinks, which can make their symptoms worse. They should also ensure they sleep enough.
ADHD symptoms can persist throughout adolescents, and sometimes into adulthood. In adults, they could manifest as problems at work or in relationships. A doctor will conduct an assessment to determine if a person has ADHD and the extent of it. The evaluation consists of an examination of the mind, a physical examination, and interviews with the person, his or parents, spouses or partners, and other people who are familiar with him or her. The provider may request the patient to list their symptoms and how they affect them. They can also use rating scales or other tests to confirm that the person is in compliance with standard criteria for ADHD. The person may also ask about any medical conditions that could be a cause of ADHD symptoms, like seizures disorder and thyroid disorder.
If a person is diagnosed with ADHD, a medication will usually be prescribed to treat the symptoms. Stimulants are among the most commonly prescribed medications used to treat ADHD in both adults and children. These medications can trigger adverse effects. A person should only take these medications under the supervision of a doctor and with prescription. Inform your doctor about any medications you are taking. Certain medications can interact with stimulants and cause dangerous adverse effects. Many people suffering from ADHD have to test a variety of kinds and dosages of medications before finding one that works for him or her.
The following is a list of preventions.
In certain cases, reducing exposure to triggers from the environment can aid in preventing ADHD symptoms. These triggers can be related to eating habits, sleep habits, family structure, medication and exercise. A GP can help you in finding ways to control triggers and recommend an dietitian for nutritional advice or for additional assistance.
Consult your GP for more details. Avoid dietary supplements that do not have scientific backing or may interfere with certain medications.
Adults who suspect ADHD should consult an expert in mental health like a psychologist or psychiatrist, for diagnosis. The doctor will look over medical records, perform an examination of the body and take a detailed medical history to rule out other possible reasons for the symptoms. The therapist will speak to the patient, look at the patient's behavior in various situations and employ the standard rating scales. The therapist will take into consideration the intensity and duration of the ADHD-related symptoms, as well as whether they have an impact on the person's daily life.
Most often, therapists will work with the patient and family to improve parenting skills to teach time management and other organizational strategies and educate the patient in metacognitive techniques, which involve identifying and changing "thinking distortions" that cause negative moods and perceptions of a lack of choices. Psychologists may prescribe specific medications and work with mental health professionals to provide comprehensive treatment.
Parents can assist by providing a stable family environment, setting clear expectations and rewards, encouraging a good sleep hygiene, and avoiding stimulants. Parents should encourage their children to socialize with others and establish a healthy bond between them and their loved ones.
The staff at the school may provide valuable information on behavior and learning issues in a child however, they aren't qualified to diagnose ADHD or make treatment decisions. These decisions are made by the student's parents, health care provider, and teacher with assistance of the other.